Food safety through high pressure
Oct 28, 2009 12:21 PM
Ohio State University food science researcher V.M. "Bala" Balasubramaniam isn't feeling pressure to perform. He's using pressure.
The associate professor of food science and technology studies how high-pressure food processing can be used and refined to preserve low-acid foods, allowing them to stay fresh for extensive periods while inactivating the bacteria and other pathogens that would otherwise make them unsafe.
Balasubramaniam, who also has appointments with the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center and Ohio State University Extension, and his research associate Jeremy Somerville just published an article on their work, "Pressure-Assisted Thermal Sterilization (PATS) of Low-Acid, Shelf-Stable Foods," in the current issue of Resource, a publication of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
"Most of the traditional products available in the market today are heat-processed," Balasubramaniam said. "Although heat processing, or thermal processing, is one of the safest technologies available today, heat also destroys many nutrients and the quality of the food material."
Subjecting foods to high pressure -- from 72,500 to as high as 130,000 pounds per square inch -- can help foods retain fresh qualities while extensively extending their shelf life. Combining the process with heat offers even more benefits. For example, fresh vegetables -- carrots, cauliflower, green beans -- vacuum-packaged in plastic and subjected to pressure at 87,000 pounds per square inch and heated to 221 degrees Fahrenheit could stay safe and fresh at room temperature for up to two to three years, Balasubramaniam said.
"What we are looking at now is the next generation of high pressure processing -- subjecting low-acid foods to both pressure and heat, to sterilize them so they can be shelf-stable," he said.
Balasubramaniam is focusing his research on determining the optimal pressure and temperature to use on different products so they retain the most nutrients and the freshest flavor and texture possible.
Balasubramaniam's laboratory is also working with the laboratory of a colleague, microbiologist and food science professor Ahmed Yousef, to determine combined pressure-heat resistance of a variety of Clostridium and Bacillus bacterial spores and to identify safe processing conditions for preserving low-acid foods -- the type of foods consumers normally see in the canned goods aisle at the grocery store.
"Today's consumer is interested in minimally processed foods with minimal preservatives," Balasubramaniam said. This new technology could offer just that.
"According to some industry experts, high pressure is probably one of the best innovations in food processing in the last 50 years," he said. "We are excited that Ohio State is part of the leading edge of research in this area."
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