Western researchers invent device for more efficient ethanol production
Jun 27, 2007 10:20 AM
Ethanol to fuel cars, trucks, and other vehicles might tomorrow take less energy to produce, thanks to a device invented by U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists in Albany, Calif.
Chemical engineers Richard Offeman and George Robertson at the ARS Western Regional Research Center think it may be possible to cut energy costs by using a series of specially designed permeable plastic sheets, or membranes, to produce ethanol from fermented broths of corn, straw, and other kinds of biomass feedstocks.
The technology will help address the serious concern regarding the energy efficiency of bioethanol production, according to Robert Fireovid, ARS national program leader for process engineering and chemistry, Beltsville, Md.
The researchers’ invention, called a spiral-wound liquid membrane module, could potentially replace the widely used process of distilling ethanol from fermentation broths. The module offers ethanol producers the important advantage of combining two separation processes, extraction and membrane permeation, in one piece of equipment.
With further research and development, the module would require less energy than distillation. Today, energy costs are ethanol producers’ second largest expense; feedstocks are first.
The fermentation broth--typically containing about five to 12 percent ethanol--would travel through a sandwich-like configuration of membranes and mesh sheets called spacers that keep the membranes separate from each other. One membrane has a solvent in its pores that extracts the ethanol from the broth.
A second membrane with the help of a vacuum pulls the ethanol out of the solvent. The ethanol and water vapor that results is then, in other equipment, condensed into an ethanol-rich liquid.
The scientists have applied for a patent and plan to build and fine-tune a prototype, then turn it over to a membrane manufacturer for further development before commercialization.
Already, some ethanol producers have expressed interest in the invention.
The device has other potential uses, such as cleaning up wastewater or treating natural gas for home use.
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